Conflict in the Modern Middle East: An Encyclopedia of Civil War, Revolutions, and Regime Change by Zartman Jonathan K.;

Author:Zartman, Jonathan K.; [Неизв.]
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
ISBN: 9781440865039
Publisher: ABC-CLIO

Libya Dawn Coalition

A coalition of Libyan militias supporting the National Salvation Government, composed of politicians opposed to the government of the House of Representatives (HoR) and claiming to still represent a General National Congress (GNC). The mandate of the GNC had expired, and it ceased its legal existence with the election of the HoR, but some Islamist former members tried to claim government authority by creating a coalition of several Islamist militias, including the Libyan Shield Force, Libyan Revolutionary Operation Room, and Mistrata revolutionaries. During August 2014, those groups rebelled against the HoR and launched Fajr Libya (Libya Dawn) and quickly captured the capital, Tripoli, and its international airport. This seizure of Tripoli allowed these militias to declare themselves the government of Libya. The HoR, under the protection of General Khalifa Haftar’s Libyan National Army (LNA), remained the internationally recognized, legitimate government of Libya, based in Tobruk, an eastern city in Libya. The LNA launched Operation Dignity to destroy the terrorist groups within Libya, which implicitly included the regional Islamist groups. The power struggle between Libya Dawn and the LNA enabled the rise of the Islamic State (Daesh), which fought against everyone. International support helped both sides defeat the Islamic State. However, Libya Dawn’s coalition has weakened due to internal power struggles, and by the summer of 2019, General Haftar’s forces had swept the south of Libya and advanced on the capital.

Steven A. Quillman

See also: Battle of Sirte in 2016; General National Congress; Haftar, Khalifa Belqasim; Islamic State (Daesh); Libyan Civil War

Further Reading

Bradley, Megan, Ibrahim Fraihat, and Houda Mzioudet. Libya’s Displacement Crisis: Uprooted by Revolution and Civil War. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2016.

Lacher, Wolfram. “Libya’s Local Elites and the Politics of Alliance Building.” Mediterranean Politics 21, no.1 (2016): 64–85.

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